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MPD Document

LOCATION AND PROPERTY NAME
address: historic name:Oregon Methodist Mission Sites: 1834-1847 MPD
Multiple Cities, Multiple Co County current/other names:
assoc addresses:
block/lot/tax lot:
location descr: twnshp/rng/sect/qtr sect:
PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS
resource type:mpd height (stories): total elig resources: total inelig resources:
elig evaluation: NR Status: Listed MPD
prim constr date: second date: date indiv listed:06/23/2025
primary orig use: orig use comments:
second orig use:
primary style: prim style comments:
secondary style: sec style comments:
primary siding: siding comments:
secondary siding:
plan type: architect:
builder:
comments/notes:
GROUPINGS / ASSOCIATIONS
Survey/Grouping Included In: Type of Grouping Date Listed Date Compiled
   Oregon Country Methodist Mission Sites: 1834-1847 MPS
SHPO INFORMATION FOR THIS PROPERTY
NR date listed: 06/23/2025
ILS survey date:
RLS survey date:
106 Project(s): None
Special Assess Project(s): None
Federal Tax Project(s): None
ARCHITECTURAL / PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
(Includes expanded description of the building/property, setting, significant landscape features, outbuildings and alterations)
There is just one property type associated with the historic contexts identified in this MPD: archaeological sites. Based on documentary evidence summarized in Section E, archaeological sites eligible under this MPD will include one or more of the following four archaeological site components. These components are defined by historic occupation, use, or activity. While only primary resources are defined as archaeological site components, accessory structure sites are intended to be eligible under this MPD as well, either as part of an individual nomination for a primary resource or as part of a district. • Dwelling (Domestic): The dwelling sites under this MPD are where Methodist Missionaries constructed residences for single or multiple (up to four) missionary families. In some cases, these residence sites also served the secondary purpose of a school, hospital, or meeting house. Methodist residence sites from this period also may have included domestic secondary accessory uses related to agriculture or farming. These accessory sites may have included dairy/horse barns, granaries, blacksmith shops, privies/outhouses, storage sheds, smokehouses, wells, or outdoor kitchens. • School (Education): The school sites under this MPD are where the Methodists constructed school buildings for the primary use of educating the Indigenous children from various tribes from the region. These school sites may have also included secondary accessory structure sites, associated with the primary school use including privies/outhouses, wells, or storage sheds. • Religious Buildings (Social/Religious): The religious building sites under this MPD are properties where Methodists constructed meetinghouses or churches. They held Methodist Class Meetings at these sites and would discuss their missionary efforts in the Oregon Country. Prior to construction of Methodist churches in these communities, a Methodist meetinghouse would also be used for religious services, where missionaries would minister to the local Indigenous population, as well as other members of the Oregon Country Methodist Mission. Meetinghouse or church sites may have also included secondary accessory structure sites associated with the primary use including privies/outhouses, wells, or storage sheds. • Mill (Industry/Manufacturing): The mill site under this MPD is where the Methodists constructed a mill building that would house both lumber and flour mills to support the Oregon Methodist Mission community. The mill site may have also included secondary accessory structure sites, including privies/outhouses and storage sheds. To facilitate evaluation under this MPD, Section F is divided into six subsections that describe the archaeological site components that are likely to be present at each of the six Methodist mission station locations in the Oregon County and provide tailored descriptions, location information, significance information, lists of archaeological character-defining features, and registration requirements. These sections correspond to the six location-specific mission station contexts identified in Section E of this MPD: Mission Bottom (Marion County, OR), Central (Salem, OR), Wascopam (The Dalles, OR), Nisqually (DuPont, WA), Clatsop Plains (Clatsop County, OR), and Willamette Falls (Oregon City, OR).
HISTORY
(Chronological, descriptive history of the property from its construction through at least the historic period - preferably to the present)
The six Methodist Mission sites in present-day Oregon and Washington are significant for their association with the work of Methodist missionaries in the Oregon Country between 1834-1847. The Methodist Church’s objective to Christianize and assimilate the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest intersected with the broader national ideology of Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny that was emerging in the United States during this period. These efforts supported expanding the borders of the United States to include the Oregon Country at a critical period, just before Oregon became a territory (1848) and thousands of Euro-American settlers began arriving via the Oregon Trail. The Methodist Mission to Oregon Country brought several successive waves of missionaries to the Oregon Country in the 1830s and 1840s, primarily to establish infrastructure to convert Native Americans to Christianity. The United States government, which was interested in gaining political control of the Oregon Country rather than sharing it with Great Britain, supported the Methodist Mission’s efforts. The peoples the missionaries encountered were very diverse and reeling from a catastrophic epidemic. During the late 1700s and early 1800s, fur trading companies had established outposts in the Pacific Northwest and many French Canadian, Métis, British, and Scottish fur traders had married Indigenous women and started families and farms in the Willamette Valley. Subsequently, an epidemic killed, by some estimates, nearly 90 percent of Indigenous people in communities along the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, leading to huge social changes for the peoples who had called this place home since time immemorial. The Methodist Mission to Oregon Country established their first station at Mission Bottom (today’s Willamette Mission State Park) in 1834. At the mission’s height in 1842, there were six Methodist missionary stations within the present states of Oregon and Washington, generally bounded by the Wascopam Station to the east, the Clatsop Plains Station to the west, the Central Station at Salem to the south, and the Nisqually Station to the north (Figure 1). The largest geographical concentration of Methodist stations during this period was located in the Willamette Valley. In addition to working to ensure their own survival, missionary work consisted of preaching, conversion, and the operation of schools that imposed not only Christianity, but also Western gender roles, agricultural practices, clothing, and names on Indigenous students. The Methodists ultimately chose to dissolve and close a majority of the Oregon Country missions in 1844 due to the operational challenges they experienced, as well as the economic expense and failure at achieving their initial goal of converting and assimilating local Indigenous populations. By 1847, all of the Methodist mission stations in the Oregon Country had been closed and the Methodist Church had divested itself of its holdings.
RESEARCH INFORMATION
Title Records Census Records Property Tax Records Local Histories
Sanborn Maps Biographical Sources SHPO Files Interviews
Obituaries Newspapers State Archives Historic Photographs
City Directories Building Permits State Library
Local Library: University Library:Willamette University Library
Historical Society:Oregon Historic Society Other Respository:National Archives
Bibliography:
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Site 35MA 00273. 1979. _____. “Willamette Mission Project, Historic Overview.” Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Oregon SHPO Report #2569. Site 35MA 00273. 1979. _____. “Willamette Mission Project Site Assessment.” Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Oregon SHPO Report #2568. Site 35MA 00273. 1980. Sanders, Judith, Mary K. Weber and David Brauner. “Willamette Mission Archaeological Project: Phase III Assessment.” Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Oregon SHPO Report #4817. Site 35MA 00273. 1983.