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NR Nomination

LOCATION AND PROPERTY NAME
address: historic name:Central Oregon Canal Historic District (Ward Road - Gosney Road Segment)
Unincorporated, Deschutes County current/other names:
assoc addresses:
block/lot/tax lot:
location descr: twnshp/rng/sect/qtr sect:
PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS
resource type:district height (stories): total elig resources:29 total inelig resources:10
elig evaluation: eligible/significant NR Status: Individually Listed
prim constr date:c. second date: date indiv listed:03/18/2019
primary orig use: AGRICULTURAL: General orig use comments:Canal
second orig use: Irrigation Facility
primary style: prim style comments:
secondary style: sec style comments:
primary siding: siding comments:
secondary siding:
plan type: architect:Levi David Wiest: Civil Engineer, John G. Kelley: Hydraulic Engineer, Charles Monteith Redfield: Irrigation Engineer
builder:
comments/notes:
Suzanne and Gary Grund, Jennifer Egusa Walden and Noah Walden, Judith Hanson, and Tony Licitra (property owners submitting the nomination. 7-3-17. Addresses in paper file. TZ.
GROUPINGS / ASSOCIATIONS
Survey/Grouping Included In: Type of Grouping Date Listed Date Compiled
   Carey and Reclamation Acts Irrigation Projects in Oregon, 1901-1978 MPS 07/10/2017 2016
SHPO INFORMATION FOR THIS PROPERTY
NR date listed: 03/18/2019
ILS survey date:
RLS survey date:
106 Project(s): None
Special Assess Project(s): None
Federal Tax Project(s): None
ARCHITECTURAL / PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
(Includes expanded description of the building/property, setting, significant landscape features, outbuildings and alterations)
The nominated property is a segment of the Central Oregon Canal (COC), located in the Upper Deschutes River Basin, near the center of Oregon, in Deschutes and Crook Counties (Figures 1 and 8). The historic district begins 7.75 miles east of the diversion point and ¾ mile east of the Bend city limits in Deschutes County. The district is 3.4 miles long, crossing rural land between the Ward Road Bridge on the western edge and the Gosney Road Bridge on the eastern edge. In the historic district, the canal ranges in width from 34’ to 78’, averaging around 50’, and its depth varies from 1’ to 9’, averaging around 4’ deep, depending on the amount of volcanic lava flows encountered, the terrain, and slope. The canal was built in irregular profiles, often wider and shallower than it was designed, in order to reduce expensive rock blasting and excavation. The canal through the historic district carries nearly the full amount of water diverted from the Deschutes River, 530 cubic feet per second during the irrigation season, April through October. The elevation of the canal on the western historic district boundary is 3,658 feet and water gradually drops about 15 feet per mile in the district, which is average for the entire canal. The historic district has unique rocky terrain, rolling hills and sudden drops in elevation mixed with flat stretches, over lava tubes. It runs through the southwest quarter through the northeast quarter of Township 18 South, Range 12 East, Section 1, W. M. (T18S, R12E, Section1), from the northwest quarter to the southeast quarter of T18S, R13E, Section 6, through the southwest quarter of Section 5 and ends in the center of the north half of Section 8 (Figures 15-20). The historic district encompasses 50’ on either side of the canal centerline to create a 100’ corridor that includes the whole of the easement held by COID, and all the contributing resources. Most of the property owners in the district, where parcels range from 1 acre to 80 acres in size, maintain appurtenant water rights and use irrigation water (Figures 4a-4f). Much of the historic setting, including cultivated farms, a full range of irrigation system components, irrigation ponds and native vegetation, remains. The nominated canal, with its winding, character-defining, rocky, uneven canal bed and irregular slopes, cuts, and tall embankments is historic contributing. The historic design and materials, tool marks, and blasting drill holes are evident and tell the narrative of its construction through solid basalt rock flows that were blasted apart and moved with horse teams. The historic district has a high degree of all aspects of integrity. The 28 contributing structures include the historic main canal, a 215’-long concrete chute across a sink hole, 11 turnouts/headgates and associated headwalls (including Stearns Waste, a set of three headgates sharing a single headwall and counted as one resource), and 15 drops. The single contributing site is the remains of a 305’-long wooden flume (archaeological site 35DS3033, see appended site form). The 10 non-contributing elements within the nominated area include eight non-historic turnouts to ditches (outside the period of significance), a historic-period one-lane wooden bridge (outside the agricultural irrigation context), and a historic-period corrugated metal pipe that delivers water across the canal to a farm ditch (associated with the irrigation of a specific farm, and therefore outside the canal system, per the MPD) (Figure 5). This nomination conforms to the general registration requirements and the description and classification of structures in the linear water distribution system of man-made water conduit and conveyance structures, as set out in the MPD, Carey and Reclamation Acts irrigation Projects in Oregon, 1901-1978, listed in 2017.
HISTORY
(Chronological, descriptive history of the property from its construction through at least the historic period - preferably to the present)
The COCHD is significant at the local level under Criterion A, in the areas of Exploration and Settlement and Agriculture, with a Period of Significance of 1905 (initial construction) to 1937 (end of land sales along the nominated segment). The historic district meets the general and specific registration requirements set forth in the Multiple Property Documentation, Carey Act and Reclamation Acts Irrigation Projects in Oregon 1901-1978, Oregon (NRIS No. MC 100001302). It represents the extensive, ambitious open canal system that conveyed water by gravity between the Deschutes River in Bend and the Powell Butte area. It brought about widespread change in the arid region. The COC delivered irrigation water to 25,257 acres that enabled profitable agriculture and brought a surge of settlers to the area. It substantially affected settlement, agricultural production, population growth, and the commercial and economic development of Alfalfa, Powell Butte and Bend. The downstream cities, particularly Alfalfa and Powell Butte, significantly benefitted from the construction of this segment of canal, as without the segment the towns would not exist as the canal was integral to the settlement and growth of those communities. The for-profit development company’s successful, nationwide, private, marketing campaign attracted thousands of settlers to the arid high desert and resulted in the sale of most of the land in their segregations. The historic district is a segment of the COC, one of two canals developed by the Central Oregon Project that was the largest and most successful Carey Act irrigation and settlement project in the Northwest. The nominated segment was constructed, and land around it was sold, as a for-profit commercial enterprise by the Deschutes Irrigation and Power Company, under contracts with the State of Oregon under the Carey Desert Land Act. It is directly associated with the provision of irrigation and development of agricultural output of all areas downstream of the nominated segment. The contract between the company and the State required the developers to reclaim the land by delivering irrigation water to the highest point on each parcel that had a water right. The nominated segment is a representative portion of the main canal with a concentration of secondary structures that adequately represent the irrigation project’s function and historical significance. The segment was difficult, time consuming to build due to the extraordinarily difficult volcanic terrain and was crucial for the entire canal to allow adequate water to flow to the remaining 35 miles of the 47-mile-long canal. Building of this difficult segment was overcome not through novel engineering, but through a combination of large amounts of man and horse power and the deployment of a variety of typical approaches, including blasting, scraping, digging, and fluming, all of which had to be completed within a limited period set by contract with the State of Oregon. Due to the difficulty and short timeframe, this portion of the canal was originally underbuilt, and the segment was a bottleneck on the canal until 1914 and had to be relieved by expansion twice during the period of significance.
RESEARCH INFORMATION
Title Records Census Records Property Tax Records Local Histories
Sanborn Maps Biographical Sources SHPO Files Interviews
Obituaries Newspapers State Archives Historic Photographs
City Directories Building Permits State Library
Local Library: University Library:Oregon State
Historical Society:Minnesota State and San Joaquin County Other Respository:
Bibliography:
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Collections “Head Gates.” Deschutes Irrigation & Power Company. Postcard. c. 1904. McGuffie, J. G., Secretary, Central Oregon Irrigation. Letter to Fred F. Henshaw, Federal Power Commission Board of Engineers. April 23, 1921. “Notes.” The Bend Company, Price, Waterhouse & Co. March 31, 1916. Office of State Engineer. “Lands Segregated for Reclamation by the State Under the Provisions of the Carey Act." Crook County. John H. Lewis, State Engineer. State of Oregon. Salem, Oregon. April 1907. Oregon Historical Society. Collections, Maps. Portland, Oregon. Oregon State Archives. State Land Board Minutes, March 14 and April 26, 1904. State Land Board-Desert Land Board. No 1-18. Folders 1 and 2. Salem, Oregon. ___ . Pilot Butte Survey—Pilot Butte Segregation Map. Desert Land Board Reclamation Records, Deschutes Irrigation & Power Co. No. 1-18. Box 15. Folders 1-2. ___ . Articles of Incorporation of the Oregon Irrigation Company. Desert Land Board Reclamation Records, Deschutes Irrigation & Power Co. No. 1-18. Box 15. Folders 1-2. ___ . Articles of Incorporation # 9549. Deschutes Irrigation & Power Company. February 10, 1904. ___ . Letter from C.C. Hutchinson, Oregon Irrigation Company, to State Land Board, January 20, 1904. Desert Land Board Reclamation Records. No. 10-18. Box 15. Folder 2. ___ . Letter from A.M. Drake, Pilot Butte Development Company, to State Land Board, January 6, 1904. Desert Land Board Reclamation Records. No. 10-18. Box 15. Folder 2. ___ . Letter, J.O. Johnston, Vice President and General Manager, Deschutes Irrigation & Power Company, Columbus, Ohio, December 5, 1904, to G.G. Brown, Clerk, State Land Board. Desert Land Board Reclamation Records. Deschutes Irrigation & Power Co. No. 37-43 Box 15. Folder 10. “Redmond in 1911: Water Was Gold; Farming King.” Scrapbook #82-32-23. Deschutes County Historical Society. Bend, Oregon. Undated, untitled magazine page. Redmond Now. Booklet Issued Under the Co-operative Community Plan of the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company and Southern Pacific Lines in Oregon. Sunset Magazine Homeseekers’ Bureau. Wells Fargo Building. Portland, Oregon. 1910. [A 1973 Reprint]. Smith, Dwight A. Cultural Resources Specialist, Highway Division, Environmental Section. “General Guidelines for Evaluating Historic Linear Resources.” November 15, 1988. The Deschutes Irrigation and Power Company. Irrigated Lands, Bend District. Deschutes Valley, Central Oregon. July 7, 1909. Oregon Historical Society. Collections, Maps. Portland, Oregon. Wiest, Levi D. Biography from Deschutes Pioneers Gazette, Deschutes County Historical Society, and Wiest Deeds 9849. A.M Drake & Wife to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 401-403. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9850. Alexander M. Drake & Wife to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 403-404. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9851. Alexander M. Drake & Wife to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 404-405. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9852. Alexander M. Drake & Wife to Bend Townsite Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 406-407. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9853. The Pilot Butte Development Company to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 408-409. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9854. The Pilot Butte Development Company to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 409-412. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9855. The Pilot Butte Development Company to The Bend Water, Light and Power Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol 9. p. 413-414. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. 9856. Bend Townsite Company to The Bend Company. April 26, 1911. Deschutes County Book. Vol. 9. p. 415-419. Deschutes County Clerk’s Office. Bend, Oregon. Deschutes County Clerk, Bend, Oregon, various property deeds. Family Sources. Compiled by Pat Kliewer. Bend, Oregon. 2014 Interviews by Preparer Ann Gallagher, June 23, 2017, Denver, Colorado (Charles Monteith Redfield) Linda Gelbrich, May 22, 2017, Corvallis, OR (Mirich Family) Jason Gillam, November 1, 2017, Bend, OR (Philip Burt Ranch) Linda Gilliland, April 5, 2017, Bend, OR (Bradetich Family) Mac Goelst, May 26, 2017, Bend, OR (Bradetich Family and buildings constructed by Dragan Mirich) Suzanne Grund, March 2, 2017, Bend, OR (Rickabaugh Family) Gary Grund, April 3, 2017, Bend, OR (Farming, historic structures and early residents) Paul and Olivia Hackett, September 27. 2017, Tepic, Mexico (Ida and Paul Hackett Family) Loretta Ann Hadley, October 31, 2017, Bend, OR (Dragan Mirich) Jim Hollander, November 2, 1017, Bend, OR (COID Ditchrider) Carla and Gregory Hunt, October 31, 2017, Bend, OR (Historic structures) Lynn Schilling Johnson, November 1, 2017, (Paul S. Hackett Turkey Ranch and Burt’s Bridge.) Dan Rastovich, April 5, 2017, Bend, OR (Rastovich Family) Charles Morris Redfield, June 28, 2017, Mill Valley, CA (Charles Monteith Redfield) Robert Stephen, October 31, 2017, Bend, OR (Wooden Flume, Stearns Wasteway) Richard Torkelson, June 10, 2017, Bend, OR (Burt Chute, bridges, roads, and Torkelson Family) David Turner, May 26, 2017, Bend, OR (Burt Chute) Contributors Suzanne and Gary Grund, long-time COC property owners. Michael Hall, Historic Preservation Consultant and author, Madras, OR. Judy Hanson, COC property owner. Tor Hanson, Deschutes County, OR, historian. Vanessa Ivey, Deschutes County Historical Museum, Bend, OR, staff. Don Kliewer, P.E., Civil Engineer, Bend, OR. Steve Lent, Bowman Museum, Prineville, OR, staff. Tony Licitra, long-time COC property owners. Linda Orcelletto, Orcelletto Communications, Bend, OR. Jeff Perreault, retired USGS hydrologist, Bend, OR. Janice and David Turner, long-time COC property owners. Jenna and Noah Walden, COC property owners. Aleta Warren, long-time PBC property owner.