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Oregon Historic Sites Database

address: ADDRESS RESTRICTED historic name:Cyrus, Enoch & Warren, Homestead & Orchard Site
Culver vcty, Jefferson County current/other names:
assoc addresses:
block/lot/tax lot:
location descr:Crooked River National Grassland; Forest Service Road 5750 (Hagman Lane); Site numbers 0607180042/0607050508/0607050509 twnshp/rng/sect/qtr sect:13S 13E 13
resource type:site height (stories): total elig resources:1 total inelig resources:6
elig evaluation: eligible/significant NR Status: Individually Listed
prim constr date:c.1883 second date: date indiv listed:05/26/2015
primary orig use: Multiple Dwelling orig use comments:
second orig use: Agric. Field
primary style: prim style comments:
secondary style: sec style comments:
primary siding: siding comments:
secondary siding:
plan type: architect:
builder:Enoch, Mary and John Cyrus
comments/notes:
Portions of this file have been redacted to meet Oregon State law (ORS 192.501(11)). More information may be available upon request. Contact the Oregon State Archaeologist at 503-986-0674 for more details.
Survey/Grouping Included In: Type of Grouping Date Listed Date Compiled
   Settlement and Abandonment of the Crooked River Grasslands, 1868-1937 MPS 05/26/2015 2015
NR date listed: 05/26/2015
ILS survey date:
RLS survey date:
106 Project(s): None
Special Assess Project(s): None
Federal Tax Project(s): None
(Includes expanded description of the building/property, setting, significant landscape features, outbuildings and alterations)
The Enoch and Mary Cyrus Homestead and Orchard Site is a 48 acre archaeological site and historic agricultural and domestic landscape in central Oregon (Figure 1). The site is situated within the Crooked River National Grassland in Jefferson County in (Willamette Meridian) (Figure 2). The site is identified as a Homestead Property Subtype 1 property in the Multiple Property Document entitled “The Settlement and Abandonment of the Crooked River Grassland in Jefferson County, OR, 1868-1937” (MPD). The contributing resources of the property consist of two separate house lot sites with associated orchards, cultural vegetation, including shrubs and shade and windbreak trees, internal roads, and field and irrigation systems. Non-contributing resources include three modern enclosure fence systems (to exclude livestock), a minimally-developed campground, a wildlife guzzler, and a modern, native surface road (Hagman Road). The site has remarkable integrity of its archaeological remains and agricultural landscape, possessing intact and largely intact surface and subsurface archaeological deposits. The plan of the orchard floors is evident from the location of the orchards’ trees and fence line vegetation dating from the homestead period (Figures 6-8).
(Chronological, descriptive history of the property from its construction through at least the historic period - preferably to the present)
Established in 1883, the Enoch and Mary Cyrus Homestead and Orchard Site is locally significant under Criterion A in the areas of Exploration and Settlement and Agriculture for its association with the settlement of central Oregon; Criterion B in the areas of Exploration and Settlement and Agriculture for its connection with Enoch Cyrus who was instrumental in introducing winter wheat to the area, a principal crop; and Criterion D for the intact site’s potential to provide insights into homestead life during the historic period. During the half century of development, the Cyrus family took raw sagebrush steppe and converted it through labor, investment, and innovation into a productive, diversified farm. The Cyrus family was tight-knit and industrious, and they became a leading family in the region, contributing broadly to the development of the local community. The period of significance begins with the occupation of the site in 1883 and extends until prior abandonment by Warren Dean Cyrus and razing of the homestead by the Resettlement Administration in 1936, spanning the Settlement, Agricultural Development, and Resettlement and Demise of Community contexts developed in the Multiple Property Document entitled “Settlement and Abandonment of the Crooked River Grassland in Jefferson County, OR 1868-1937” (MPD). The Enoch and Mary Cyrus Homestead and Orchard site is eligible for listing as a Homestead Site Property Subtype 1: Successful Homesteads with Development as defined in the MPD. It is eligible under Criteria A, B and D. The property meets the general registration requirements set forth in Section F of the MPD: It is situated within the external boundary of the Crooked River National Grassland; it existed within the 1868-1937 period of significance; it is associated with the history of events and communities of homestead settlement and abandonment of the Grassland; and, as an archaeological property, it possesses a reasonable degree of integrity of spatial association among components which are functionally identifiable through archaeological investigation. The property meets the type-specific registration criteria for homestead sites under Criterion A because it is an example of the type; retains the sense of setting, feeling, and association characteristic of the type; possesses character-defining attributes of the type; is identifiable in historical records; possesses evidence of a field system and water conveyance systems; possesses a road which connects to the broader transportation system; and possesses evidence of the destruction of the property. The site meets the type-specific registration requirements for Criterion B through its close historic association with a locally-significant person, farmer and community leader Enoch Cyrus. The property also meets the type-specific registration requirements for Criterion D by possessing a reasonable degree of integrity of design and a clear association between its data sets and information potential and the areas of inquiry set forth in the homestead property research domain.
Title Records Census Records Property Tax Records Local Histories
Sanborn Maps Biographical Sources SHPO Files Interviews
Obituaries Newspapers State Archives Historic Photographs
City Directories Building Permits State Library
Local Library: University Library:
Historical Society:Crook County, Deschutes County, Jefferson County Other Respository:Bowman Museum, Forest Service, ODOT, Ntl Park Serv
Bibliography:
Brogan, Phil 1977 East of the Cascades. Binford, Portland. Cooper, Joanie and Shaun Shepherd 2012 Provisional Apple-Variety Identifications. Notes from Jefferson County Historical Society/Home Orchard Society field trip to Grassland area homesteads, 18 August 2012. Handwritten notes. Jefferson County Historical Society, Madras. Crook County 1884 Assessment and Tax Roll, 1884. Bowman Museum, Prineville. 1904 Assessment and Tax Roll, 1904. Bowman Museum, Prineville. Crook County Historical Society 1981 The History of Crook County, Oregon. Bowman Museum, Prineville. 1991 Echoes from Old Crook County. Two volumes. Bowman Museum, Prineville. Crowe, Beth n.d. Research notes. Juniper Branch of Family Finders Research Library, Madras. David, Jim 2013 Cyrus Homestead Unit 4 Soils. Letter report, 7 February. Ochoco National Forest. Deschutes County Historical Society 1985 A History of the Deschutes Country in Oregon. Midstate Printing, Bend. Jefferson County 1914 Assessment and Tax Roll. Jefferson County Public Works, Madras. Jefferson County Historical Society 1984 History of Jefferson County Oregon 1914-1983. 2012 2012 Homestead Orchard Tour in Jefferson County. Jefferson County Historical Society, Madras. Juris, Frances 1975 Old Crook County: The Heart of Oregon. Prineville Print Shop, Prineville. Lent, Steve 2008 Central Oregon Place Names, Volume II, Jefferson County. Maverick Publications, Bend. 2012 Islands in Time: People, Places, and Events that Shaped Central Oregon. Crook County Historical Society, Prineville. Many Hands 1957 Jefferson County Reminiscences. Binford and Mort Publishing, Portland. McFarland, Janine 2013 Excavation and Evaluation of the Enoch and Mary Cyrus Homestead. Research notes, report in preparation. Ochoco National Forest, Prineville. Morotto, Michael 1995 Archeological Investigations PGT-PG&E Pipeline Expansion Project: Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and California. Volume IV, Synthesis of Findings. Subcontract No. 20822-SC-41. INFOTECH Research Inc., Fresno. National Center for Education Statistics n.d. 120 Years of Literacy: Literacy from 18870 to 1979. Electronic document, http://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/lit_history.asp, accessed 8 August 2013. Newell, Edythe W. 1984 The Crooked River Grassland. Manuscript. Ochoco National Forest. Oregon Department of Transportation 1998 Deschutes Irrigation and Power Company Canal (Central Oregon Irrigation Canal), Bend, Deschutes County, Oregon. HAER No. OR-63. US National Park Service, Seattle. Portland Tribune 2012 Pioneer-era Orchards Still Bearing Fruit. Portland Tribune 21 August. Electronic document, http://pamplinmedia.com/msp/129-news/149674-pioneer-era-orchards-still-bearing-fruit, accessed 7 January 2013. Schaad, Esther C. and Edna E. Wiese 1985 Reflections 1900-1950. Keuter Ink Impressions, Albany. Snyder, Keith 2004 Prineville Business History: 1868-1922. Crook County Historical Society, Prineville. Tillamook County n.d. History of Oregon Justice Courts. Electronic document, http://www.co.tillamook.or.us/gov/jc/ Documents/history.htm, accessed 6 July 2013. U.S. Department of the Interior 1891 Homestead Patent for Enoch Cyrus. 21 October. BLM Serial Number ORTDAA 06096, Document 1211. Electronic document, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov, accessed 6 May 2013. US Department of the Interior 1891 Homestead Patent for Enoch Cyrus. 21 October. BLM Serial Number ORTDAA 06096, Document 1211. Electronic document, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov, accessed 6 May 2013. 1935a Appraisal Report, Tract 130. 9 March. Ochoco National Forest, Prineville. 1935b Appraisal Report, Tract 130A. Ochoco National Forest, Prineville. 1935c Application for Resettlement (Warren Dean and Nettie Cyrus). 7 October. Ochoco National Forest, Prineville. USDI Geological Survey 1896 Timber Culture Patent for Enoch Cyrus. 9 September. BLM Serial Number ORTDAA 062823, Document Number 542. Electronic document, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov, accessed 6 May 2013. 1929 Bend 15’ Quadrangle. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park. USDA Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers 1999 Crop Profile for Wheat in Oregon. Electronic document, http://ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/ docs/orwheat.pdf, accessed 3 August 2012.